Frameless solar module mounting

ABSTRACT

In an example, a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solar module for a tracker is included. The assembly has a lower clamp structure characterized by a top-hat shaped rail structure having a length extending from a first end to a second end. In an example, the assembly has an upper clamp structure configured to sandwich a pair of edges of a pair of solar modules with a portion of the lower clamp structure. In an example, the assembly has a locking spacer configured to the pair of edges of the pair of solar modules. In an example, the pair of edges comprises substantially glass material. In an example, the assembly has a pair of key structures configured with the locking spacer. Each of the key structures is affixed to each of the solar modules to physically lock each of the solar modules to the upper clamp structure.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

The present application is a continuation of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 16/546,181, filed on Aug. 20, 2019, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/379,919, filed on Dec. 15, 2016, nowU.S. Pat. No. 10,389,294, which is a continuation of U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14/735,085, filed on Jun. 9, 2015, now U.S. Pat.No. 9,543,888, the entire contents of each of which is herebyincorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present application relates generally to a tracking system for solarpanels. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention providea clamp assembly for a glass on glass solar module configured for atracking system. In a specific embodiment, a clamp assembly according tothe present invention is for a tracking system, among other aspects.There are other embodiments as well.

As the population of the world increases, industrial expansion has leadto an equally large consumption of energy. Energy often comes fromfossil fuels, including coal and oil, hydroelectric plants, nuclearsources, and others. As an example, the International Energy Agencyprojects further increases in oil consumption, with developing nationssuch as China and India accounting for most of the increase. Almostevery element of our daily lives depends, in part, on oil, which isbecoming increasingly scarce. As time further progresses, an era of“cheap” and plentiful oil is coming to an end. Accordingly, other andalternative sources of energy have been developed.

Concurrent with oil, we have also relied upon other very useful sourcesof energy such as hydroelectric, nuclear, and the like to provide ourelectricity needs. As an example, most of our conventional electricityrequirements for home and business use come from turbines run on coal orother forms of fossil fuel, nuclear power generation plants, andhydroelectric plants, as well as other forms of renewable energy. Oftentimes, home and business use of electrical power has been stable andwidespread.

Most importantly, much if not all of the useful energy found on theEarth comes from our sun. Generally all common plant life on the Earthachieves life using photosynthesis processes from sun light. Fossilfuels such as oil were also developed from biological materials derivedfrom energy associated with the sun. For human beings including “sunworshipers,” sunlight has been essential. For life on the planet Earth,the sun has been our most important energy source and fuel for modernday solar energy.

Solar energy possesses many characteristics that are very desirable!Solar energy is renewable, clean, abundant, and often widespread.Certain technologies have been developed to capture solar energy,concentrate it, store it, and convert it into other useful forms ofenergy.

Solar panels have been developed to convert sunlight into energy. As anexample, solar thermal panels often convert electromagnetic radiationfrom the sun into thermal energy for heating homes, running certainindustrial processes, or driving high grade turbines to generateelectricity. As another example, solar photovoltaic panels convertsunlight directly into electricity for a variety of applications. Solarpanels are generally composed of an array of solar cells, which areinterconnected to each other. The cells are often arranged in seriesand/or parallel groups of cells in series. Accordingly, solar panelshave great potential to benefit our nation, security, and human users.They can even diversify our energy requirements and reduce the world'sdependence on oil and other potentially detrimental sources of energy.

Although solar panels have been used successfully for certainapplications, there are still limitations. Often, solar panels areunable to convert energy at their full potential due to the fact thatthe sun is often at an angle that is not optimum for the solar cells toreceive solar energy. In the past, various types of conventional solartracking mechanisms have been developed. Unfortunately, conventionalsolar tracking techniques are often inadequate. These and otherlimitations are described throughout the present specification, and maybe described in more detail below.

From the above, it is seen that techniques for improving solar systemsare highly desirable.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present application relates generally to a tracking system for solarpanels. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention providea clamp assembly for a glass on glass solar module configured for atracking system. In a specific embodiment, a clamp assembly according tothe present invention is for a tracking system, among other aspects.There are other embodiments as well.

In an example, a solar tracker system is provided. In an example, thesolar tracker system has a pair of pillars (or more, not shown). In anexample, a torque tube is configured between the pair of pillars. In anexample, a plurality of glass-on-glass solar modules spatially disposedbetween the first end of the torque tube and the second end of thetorque tube. In an example, the torque tube is configured to a clamp onone end, which allows the torque tube to pivot about an arc, whilestopping on either end of a frame structure, as shown. The framestructure has an open region, where the torque tube is disposed, andeach inner region of the frame on either side of the torque tube in acenter position serves as a stop region.

Each of the glass on glass solar modules is configured to pivot with thetorque tube in a radial direction. In the present example, glass onglass solar modules generally include a pair of glass substrates with aphotovoltaic material sandwiched in between the pair of glasssubstrates.

In an example, a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solar module for atracker is included. The assembly has a lower clamp structurecharacterized by a top-hat shaped rail structure having a lengthextending from a first end to a second end. In an example, the assemblyhas an upper clamp structure configured to sandwich a pair of edges of apair of solar modules with a portion of the lower clamp structure. In anexample, the assembly has a locking spacer configured to the pair ofedges of the pair of solar modules. In an example, the pair of edgescomprises substantially glass material. In an example, the assembly hasa pair of key structures configured with the locking spacer. Each of thekey structures is affixed to each of the solar modules to physicallylock each of the solar modules to the upper clamp structure. In anexample, the clamp structures, rail, and other rigid elements are madeof a suitable material, such as carbon hardened steel, among others.

Various additional objects, features and advantages of the presentinvention can be more fully appreciated with reference to the detaileddescription and accompanying drawings that follow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a solar tracker system according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed diagram of a clamp assembly for aglass-on-glass solar module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 is a more detailed diagram of the clamp assembly for theglass-on-glass solar module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly for a glass-on-glasssolar module according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a clamp assembly for a glass-on-glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a side-view of a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a top-view of a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a bottom-view of a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly, including a firstclamp and a second clamp, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly, including a firstclamp and a second clamp, on a glass on glass solar module according toan embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate two different configurations of lockingspacers according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 13 is a side view of assembling a clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a more detailed side view of assembling a clamp assembly,including a locking spacer, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 15 is a side view of an assembled clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 16 is a side view of assembling a clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 17 is a side view of an assembled clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of assembling a clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a solar tracker apparatus,according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an assembled clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a solar tracker apparatus,according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an assembled clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a torque tube of a solartracker apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 21 is a more detailed perspective view of an assembled clampassembly, including one of the pairs of locking spacers, configured on atorque tube of a solar tracker apparatus, according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of assembling a clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a solar tracker apparatus,according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an assembling clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a torque tube of a solartracker apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 24 is a top view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 25 is a front view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 26 is a side view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 27 is a bottom view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 28 is a top view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 29 is a front view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention.

FIG. 30 is a side view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

FIG. 31 is a bottom view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIFIC EMBODIMENTS

The present application relates generally to a tracking system for solarpanels. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention providea clamp assembly for a glass on glass solar module configured for atracking system. In a specific embodiment, a clamp assembly according tothe present invention is for a tracking system, among other aspects.There are other embodiments as well.

As shown, the present invention provides a tracker apparatus for solarmodules. In an example, the solar modules can be a silicon based solarmodule, a polysilicon based solar module, a concentrated solar module,or a thin film solar module, including cadmium telluride (CdTe), copperindium gallium selenide (CuIn1−xGaxSe2 or CIGS), which is a directbandgap semiconductor useful for the manufacture of solar cells, amongothers. As shown, each of the solar panels can be arranged to form anarray. Of course, there can be other variations. In an example, thefirst pier and the second pier are provided on a sloped surface, anirregular surface, or a flat surface. The first pier and the second pierare two of a plurality of piers provided for the apparatus. In example,the apparatus has a solar module configured in a hanging position or asupporting position.

The tracker apparatus has a first pier comprising a first pivot deviceand a second pier comprising a drive mount. In an example, the firstpier is made of a solid or patterned metal structure, such as a widebeam flange or the like, as shown. In an example, each of the piers isinserted into the ground, and sealed, using cement or other attachmentmaterial. Each pier is provided in generally an upright position and inthe direction of gravity, although there can be variations. In anexample, each of the piers is spatially spaced along a region of theground, which may be flat or along a hillside or other structure,according to an embodiment. In an example, the first pillar comprises awide flange beam. In an example, the first pillar and the second pillarcan be off-set and reconfigurable.

In an example, the drive mount is capable for construction tolerances inat least three-axis, and is configured to a drive device. The drivedevice has an off-set clamp device coupled to a bearing device coupledto a clamp member.

In an example, the apparatus has a cylindrical torque tube operablydisposed on the first pier and the second pier. In an example, thecylindrical torque tube comprises a one to ten inch diameter pipe madeof Hollow Structure Steel (HSS) steel. The cylindrical torque tubecomprises a first end and a second end, and a notch. The notch is one ofa plurality of notches spatially disposed along a length of thecylindrical torque tube.

In an example, the apparatus has a clamp configured around an annularportion of the cylindrical torque tube and mate with the notch toprevent movement of the clamp. The clamp comprises a support regionconfigured to support a portion of a solar module. The clamp comprises apin configured with the notch. The apparatus also has a rail or clampassembly configured to the clamp. The rail or clamp assembly comprises athread region configured to hold a bolt, which is adapted to screw intothe thread and bottom out against a portion of cylindrical torque tubesuch that the clamp is desirably torqued against the cylindrical torquetube. The apparatus has a solar module attached to the rail or otherattachment device-shared module claim or other devices. The cylindricaltorque tube is one of a plurality of torque tubes configured in as acontinuous structure and extends in length for 80 to 200 meters. Eachpair of torque tubes is swage fitted together, and bolted for theconfiguration.

In an example, the apparatus also has a center of mass of along an axialdirection is matched with a pivot point of the drive device. The pivotpoint of the drive device is fixed in three dimensions while rotatingalong the center of mass. In an example, the off-set clamp comprises acrank device. In an example, the first pivot device comprises a pivotdevice configured a clamp device to secure the first end to thecylindrical torque tube. In other examples, the drive device comprises aslew gear. In other examples, the first pivot device can include othervariations. The apparatus also has an overrun device configured with thefirst pivot device. The overrun device comprises a mechanical stop toallow the cylindrical torque tube to rotate about a desired range.Further details of the present tracker apparatus can be found throughoutthe present specification and more particularly below.

FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a solar tracker system according to anembodiment of the present invention. In an example, a solar trackersystem is provided. In an example, the solar tracker system has a pairof pillars (or more, not shown). In an example, a torque tube isconfigured between the pair of pillars. In an example, a plurality ofglass-on-glass solar modules spatially disposed between the first end ofthe torque tube and the second end of the torque tube. In an example,the torque tube is configured to a clamp on one end, which allows thetorque tube to pivot about an arc, while stopping on either end of aframe structure, as shown. The frame structure has an open region, wherethe torque tube is disposed, and each inner region of the frame oneither side of the torque tube in a center position serves as a stopregion.

Each of the glass on glass solar modules is configured to pivot with thetorque tube in a radial direction. In the present example, glass onglass solar modules generally include a pair of glass substrates with aphotovoltaic material sandwiched in between the pair of glasssubstrates.

In an example, the glass on glass solar module is a frameless solarmodule having a pair of glass substrates sandwiching photovoltaicmaterial in between. The glass on glass module has no frame, and exposedglass edge regions, which make it difficult to mount on a tracker torquetube, which moves, without spatial movement or slippage overtime. Anexample is a bi-facial solar module, a two-sided glass frameless solarmodule, among others. Of course, there can be other variations,modifications, and alternatives.

In a preferred embodiment, the solar module is clamped onto the torquetube using a clamp assembly. The clamp assembly is configured to edgesof the solar module. The clamp assembly maintains the solar module inposition, which does not slide along the clamp assembly. The clampassembly uses a key structure to mechanically fix the solar module inplace, while the module moves from a first position through an arc to asecond position, and back again. The key structure, configured with theclamp assembly, maintains the solar module in place. In an example, alocking spacer is configured with the key structure. Further details ofthe present solar module can be found throughout the presentspecification and more particularly below.

In an example, each edge of the glass on glass module is held by a clampassembly, which is configured to the torque tube. A U-bolt sandwichesthe clamp assembly configured with the module to the torque tube, asshown. In an example, the clamp assembly can secure a pair of solarmodules, as shown. Further details of the present clamp assembly for thesolar module can be found throughout the present specification and moreparticularly below.

FIG. 2 is a more detailed diagram of a clamp assembly for aglass-on-glass solar module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. As shown, the clamp assembly has a lower clamp structurecharacterized by a top-hat shaped rail structure having a lengthextending from a first end to a second end. The length is positionedbetween a center region between a pair of solar panels, as shown. Thelength is sufficiently long to provide mechanical support to each of thesolar panels to be moved on a tracker system. In an example, the lowerrail also includes a fastener region. In an example, the fastener regionis a first opening and a second opening to be used for a U-bolt couplingthe lower clamp structure to a torque tube.

In an example, the assembly also has a first upper clamp structureconfigured to sandwich a first pair of edges of a pair of solar moduleswith a first portion of the lower clamp structure. In an example, theassembly has a second upper clamp structure configured to sandwich asecond pair of edges of the pair of solar modules with a second portionof the lower clamp structure, as shown. The first upper clamp structureis spatially disposed and coupled to a first end region of the lowerclamp assembly (see lower left quadrant of drawing) and the second upperclamp structure is spatially disposed and coupled to a second end regionof the lower clamp assembly (see upper right quadrant of drawing).

In an example, the assembly has a U-bolt configured to sandwich aportion of a torque tube with the lower clamp structure using the firstopening and the second opening. Additionally, the assembly has a firstlocking spacer configured to the first pair of edges of the pair ofsolar modules and a second locking spacer configured to the second pairof edges of the pair of solar modules. The assembly has a pair of firstkey structures configured with the first locking spacer and a secondpair of first key structures configured with the second locking spacer.Further details of the assembly, including locking spacers and keystructures, will be described throughout the present specification andmore particularly below.

FIG. 3 is a more detailed diagram of the clamp assembly for theglass-on-glass solar module according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. In an example, the assembly also has a first upper clampstructure configured to sandwich a first pair of edges of a pair ofsolar modules with a first portion of the lower clamp structure. In anexample, the first upper clamp structure is spatially disposed andcoupled to a first end region of the lower clamp assembly.

In an example, the assembly has a U-bolt configured to sandwich aportion of a torque tube with the lower clamp structure using the firstopening and the second opening. Additionally, the assembly has a firstlocking spacer configured to the first pair of edges of the pair ofsolar modules. The assembly has a pair of first key structuresconfigured with the first locking spacer. The clamp assembly forms asandwiched structure including the lower clamp structure, which isunderneath the glass module, the locking spacer, which is fitted aroundthe edge of the solar module, and provided between the lower clampstructure, and the upper clamp structure. The key structure spatiallyand physically locks the glass module to the lower and upper clampstructures, while the locking spacer facilitates the lockedconfiguration. Further details of the assembly, including lockingspacers and key structures, will be described throughout the presentspecification and more particularly below.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly for a glass-on-glasssolar module according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the clamp assembly has a lower clamp structure characterized by atop-hat shaped rail structure having a length extending from a first endto a second end. The assembly has an upper clamp structure configured tosandwich a pair of edges of a pair of solar modules with a portion ofthe lower clamp structure. The assembly has a locking spacer configuredto the pair of edges of the pair of solar modules. Each of the pairs ofedges comprises substantially glass material without a frame structure,which is separate. The assembly has a pair of key structures configuredwith the locking spacer. Each of the key structures is affixed to eachof the solar modules to physically lock each of the solar modules to theupper clamp structure.

In an example, a fastener secures the structure together, including thelower clamp structure, upper clamp structure, and locking spacer withkey structure. The fastener can be a bolt or other structure, which canbe secured from either a top portion or bottom portion of the sandwichedstructure for assembly purposes. Of course, there can be othervariations, modifications, and alternatives.

FIG. 5 is a front view of a clamp assembly for a glass-on-glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown,the clamp assembly has a lower clamp structure characterized by atop-hat shaped rail structure having a length extending from a first endto a second end. The assembly has an upper clamp structure configured tosandwich a pair of edges of a pair of solar modules with a portion ofthe lower clamp structure. The assembly has a locking spacer configuredto the pair of edges of the pair of solar modules. Each of the pairs ofedges comprises substantially glass material without a frame structure,which is separate. The assembly has a pair of key structures configuredwith the locking spacer. Each of the key structures is affixed to eachof the solar modules to physically lock each of the solar modules to theupper clamp structure.

In an example, a fastener secures the structure together, including thelower clamp structure, upper clamp structure, and locking spacer withkey structure. The fastener can be a bolt or other structure, which canbe secured from either a top portion or bottom portion of the sandwichedstructure for assembly purposes. In an example, the upper clampstructure and lower clamp include an opening provided within a centerregion for a bolt to be inserted and secured with a nut or otherfastener structure. Of course, there can be other variations,modifications, and alternatives.

FIG. 6 is a side-view of a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown,the clamp assembly has a lower clamp structure characterized by atop-hat shaped rail structure having a length extending from a first endto a second end. The assembly has an upper clamp structure configured tosandwich a pair of edges of a pair of solar modules with a portion ofthe lower clamp structure. The assembly has a locking spacer configuredto the pair of edges of the pair of solar modules. Each of the pairs ofedges comprises substantially glass material without a frame structure,which is separate. The assembly has a pair of key structures configuredwith the locking spacer. Each of the key structures is affixed to eachof the solar modules to physically lock each of the solar modules to theupper clamp structure.

FIG. 7 is a top-view of a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown,the top view shows upper clamp structure, which is the top-hatstructure. Also shown is the lower portion of the locking spacer, whichhas ends extending beyond an edge of each of the edges of the top hatstructure. As shown on a right hand side, a partial portion of anopening for a key structure is also shown. The portion is annular or canhave other shapes and configurations, depending upon the embodiment. Inan example, the shape is circular and configured as puck like shape orthe like.

FIG. 8 is a bottom-view of a clamp assembly for a glass on glass solarmodule according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown,the assembly illustrates the bottom view of the assembly structure,including region for the key structure.

FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly, including a firstclamp and a second clamp, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a clamp assembly, includinga first clamp and a second clamp, on a glass on glass solar moduleaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 11 and 12 illustrate two different configurations of lockingspacers according to embodiments of the present invention. In anexample, a locking spacer comprises a lower insulating region having anopen region and an upper insulating region. The locking spacer also hasa spacer coupling the lower insulating region and the upper insulatingregion coupling each of the glass on glass solar modules to a portion ofthe torque tube. In an example, the term “insulating” refers tomechanically and electrically insulating, although there can be othermeanings, within one of ordinary skill in the art.

In an example, a key structure (further described below) is configuredto an edge region of the glass on the glass on glass solar module. As anexample, a polycarbonate puck configured on an edge region of each ofthe glass on glass solar modules and configured to be sandwiched betweenthe lower insulating region and the upper insulating region such thatthe polycarbonate puck is adapted to be a male member to be insertedinto the open region, which acts as a female portion, to prevent theglass on glass solar module from sliding in a planar direction that isparallel to a major surface region of the glass on glass solar module.

In an example, the locking spacer device has various elements. In anexample, the locking spacer device has a lower insulating region havinga length, a first width, and an open region. In an example, the lowerinsulating region is made from a thickness of polymeric material. In anexample, the polymeric material is selected from at least one of anethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) or a rubber, among others.

In an example, the lower insulating region is configured parallel to amajor plane of a glass on glass solar module. In an example, the devicehas an upper insulating region having the length and the second width.In an example, the upper insulating region is made from the thickness ofpolymeric material. In an example, the thickness can be consistent orvaried depending upon the embodiment. The device has a spacer regionprovided between and coupling the lower insulating region and the upperinsulating region such that a gap is defined between the lowerinsulating region and the upper insulating region. In an example, thedevice has a bend region spatially disposed between the spacer regionand the upper insulating region. In an example, the bend region has athickness dimension b, the thickness dimension b is less than thethickness of material.

In an example, the upper insulating region is configured in a firstdirection substantially normal to the lower insulating region during afirst position for an assembly process, as shown in the Figure and isconfigured in a second direction substantially parallel to the upperinsulating region after the assembly process such that the upperinsulating region is moved about the bend region from the firstdirection to the second direction, as shown in the below Figure.

In an example, the bend region has a v shape to allow the each of theinner v surfaces to come in contact with each other in the seconddirection. As shown in the Figure, the bend region is about 90 Degrees,each having a surface about 45 Degrees from a line normal to the apex ofthe v shape structure. Of course, there can be variations,modifications, and alternatives.

In an example, the locking device has an opposite mirror imagestructure, which is for an opposing solar module. In an example, thedevice has an opposing lower insulating region, an opposing upperinsulating region, and an opposing spacer region provided between andcoupling the opposing lower insulating region and the opposing upperinsulating region such that an opposing gap is defined between theopposing lower insulating region and the opposing upper insulatingregion. The device has an opposing bend region spatially disposedbetween the opposing spacer region and the opposing upper insulatingregion. The device also has a channel structure coupling the opposingupper insulating region and the opposing lower insulating region withthe upper insulting region and the lower insulating region. The channelstructure is configured between a pair of solar modules, which areconfigured to the locking spacer device.

In an example, the locking spacer device is configured with a keyedfeature to prevent the locking spacer from a planar movement after theassembly process. In an example, the keyed feature is a structure thatcan be an opening as shown in the lower insulating region.

In an example, the locking spacer has the lower insulating region. Thelower insulating region has a thickness of dl. In an example, thethickness of dl is configured to allow the lower insulating region to bein a compressive state to physically hold a key structure, such as apolycarbonate puck, in place, while preventing a stress to be caused ina portion of a glass material on the glass-on-glass module, therebypreventing any damage, including a crack, to the portion of the glassmaterial. In an example, the thickness dl is thicker than a height ofthe polycarbonate puck during a compressive state after assembly of theclamp structure to prevent the puck from bottoming out against clampstructure, which is rigid, and will not keep the insulating region inthe compressive state.

FIG. 13 is a side view of assembling a clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the assembly is an exploded view of upper clamp structure,including a bolt fastener. The assembly has the locking spacer. Theassembly also has a solar glass, including a polycarbonate puck affixedto an edge region, which will be inserted into an opening on the lockingspacer. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to a periphery of thetorque tube.

FIG. 14 is a more detailed side view of assembling a clamp assembly,including a locking spacer, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. As shown, the assembly is an exploded view of upper clampstructure, including a bolt fastener. The assembly has the lockingspacer. The assembly also has a solar glass, including a polycarbonatepuck affixed to an edge region, which will be inserted into an openingon the locking spacer. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to aperiphery of the torque tube.

FIG. 15 is a side view of an assembled clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the assembly is an assembled view of upper clamp structure,including a bolt fastener. The assembly has the locking spacer. Theassembly also has a solar glass, including a polycarbonate puck affixedto an edge region, which will be inserted into an opening on the lockingspacer. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to a periphery of thetorque tube.

FIG. 16 is a side view of assembling a clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the assembly is an exploded view of upper clamp structure,including a bolt fastener. The assembly has the locking spacer. Theassembly also has a solar glass, including a polycarbonate puck affixedto an edge region, which will be inserted into an opening on the lockingspacer. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to a periphery of thetorque tube.

FIG. 17 is a side view of an assembled clamp assembly, including alocking spacer, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the assembly is an assembled view of upper clamp structure,including a bolt fastener. The assembly has the locking spacer. Theassembly also has a solar glass, including a polycarbonate puck affixedto an edge region, which will be inserted into an opening on the lockingspacer. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to a periphery of thetorque tube.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of assembling a clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a solar tracker apparatus,according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, theassembly is an exploded view of the upper clamp structures, includingfirst and second, and associated first and second bolt fasteners. Theassembly has the locking spacers. The assembly also has a solar glass,including a polycarbonate puck affixed to an edge region, which will beinserted into an opening on the locking spacer. Opposing solar glass isalso shown. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to a periphery ofthe torque tube. In an example, a clamp assembly for the torque tube endis also shown.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an assembled clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a solar tracker apparatus,according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, theassembly is an assembled view of the upper clamp structures, includingfirst and second, and associated first and second bolt fasteners. Theassembly has the locking spacers. The assembly also has a solar glass,including a polycarbonate puck affixed to an edge region, which will beinserted into an opening on the locking spacer. Solar glass is alsoshown opposing each other. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled toa periphery of the torque tube. In an example, a clamp assembly for thetorque tube end is also shown.

FIG. 20 is a perspective view of an assembled clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a torque tube of a solartracker apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.As shown, the assembly is an assembled view of the upper clampstructures, including first and second, and associated first and secondbolt fasteners. The assembly has the locking spacers. The assembly alsohas a solar glass, including a polycarbonate puck affixed to an edgeregion, which will be inserted into an opening on the locking spacer.Solar glass is also shown opposing each other. The assembly also showsthe U-bolt coupled to a periphery of the torque tube. FIG. 21 is a moredetailed perspective view of an assembled clamp assembly, including oneof the pairs of locking spacers, configured on a torque tube of a solartracker apparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 22 is a perspective view of assembling a clamp assembly, includinga pair of locking spacers, configured on a solar tracker apparatus,according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, theassembly is an exploded view of the upper clamp structures, includingfirst and second, and associated first and second bolt fasteners. Theassembly has the locking spacers. The assembly also has a solar glass,including a polycarbonate puck affixed to an edge region, which will beinserted into an opening on the locking spacer. Opposing solar glass isalso shown. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled to a periphery ofthe torque tube. In an example, a clamp assembly for the torque tube endis also shown.

FIG. 23 is a perspective view of assembling clamp assembly, including apair of locking spacers, configured on a torque tube of a solar trackerapparatus, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Asshown, the assembly is an exploded view of the upper clamp structures,including first and second, and associated first and second boltfasteners. The assembly has the locking spacers. The assembly also has asolar glass, including a polycarbonate puck affixed to an edge region,which will be inserted into an opening on the locking spacer. Opposingsolar glass is also shown. The assembly also shows the U-bolt coupled toa periphery of the torque tube. In an example, a clamp assembly for thetorque tube end is also shown.

FIG. 24 is a top view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown, the locking spacer includes a lowerinsulating region, which has openings on each of the regions. A centeropening is provided for a fastener to fix the structure together. Eachof the upper insulating regions is protruding out, and substantiallynormal to each major plane of the lower insulating regions. As alsoshown, each of the inner surfaces of the lower insulating regions istextured, including a plurality or ridges, to facility locking of theglass material of the solar modules. The ridges can also include otherstructures, such as annular regions, suctions cups, or other variationsof lines, circles, or combinations thereof, and the like. Also shown isa bottom of a top-hat structure of the channel structure configuredbetween the pair of lower insulating regions and upper insulatingregions.

FIG. 25 is a front view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention. As shown, the locking spacer includes a lowerinsulating region, which has openings (not shown) on each of theregions. A center opening (not shown) is provided for a fastener to fixthe structure together. Each of the upper insulating regions isprotruding up, and substantially normal to each major plane of the lowerinsulating regions. As also shown, each of the inner surfaces of thelower insulating regions is textured, including a plurality or ridges,to facility locking of the glass material of the solar modules. Theridges can also include other structures, such as annular regions,suctions cups, or other variations of lines, circles, or combinationsthereof, and the like. Each inner surface region of the upper insulatingregions is textured as well for similar reasons. Also shown is a bottomof a top-hat structure of the channel structure configured between thepair of lower insulating regions and upper insulating regions. Thespacer also includes a spacing thickness defining a gap region, which isspatially configured within a vicinity of a bend region, which extendsalong a length of each of the insulating regions.

FIG. 26 is a side view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown, the spacer includes a bottom of achannel, height of channel, lower insulating region, gap region, bendregion, and upper insulating region in an example.

FIG. 27 is a bottom view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention. As shown, the spacer has a pair of bottominsulating regions configured between a bottom region of a channelstructure, which is shaped as a top-hat. Each of the bottom regions hasan opening to be configured with a key structure affixed to glassmaterial on the solar panel.

FIG. 28 is a top view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown, the locking spacer includes a lowerinsulating region, which has openings on each of the regions. A centeropening is provided for a fastener to fix the structure together. Eachof the upper insulating regions is protruding out, and substantiallyparallel to each major plane of the lower insulating regions. As alsoshown, each of the inner surfaces of the lower insulating regions istextured, including a plurality or ridges, to facility locking of theglass material of the solar modules. The ridges can also include otherstructures, such as annular regions, suctions cups, or other variationsof lines, circles, or combinations thereof, and the like. Each innersurface region of the upper insulating regions is textured as well forsimilar reasons. A bottom of a top-hat structure of the channelstructure is configured between the pair of lower insulating regions andupper insulating regions (as will be shown in the later Figures). Thespacer also includes a spacing thickness defining a gap region, which isspatially configured within a vicinity of a bend region, which extendsalong a length of each of the insulating regions (also will be shown).Between each of the insulating regions includes a thickness of glassmaterial from a solar module (also will be shown). Each of the widths ofthe lower insulating regions extends out longer than each of thecorresponding upper insulating regions, as shown in an example.

In an example, the locking spacer is made of a single integratedstructure. The structure is monolithic, but can also have othervariations. In an example, the upper insulating region has a thicknessof polymeric material. Such thickness of polymeric material is thinnerthan a thickness of the lower insulating region, as shown. In anexample, the upper insulating region has a beveled region from an uppersurface to a lower surface to facility assembly and other benefits. Inan example, the bevel is slanted outwardly from the upper surface of theupper insulating region to the lower surface or inner surface of theupper insulating region.

In an example, the spacing between the lower insulating region and theupper insulating region is defined by a gap. A thickness of glassmaterial is inserted into the gap, while a key structure is configuredwith an opening on each of the bottom insulating regions.

In an example, the top-hat structure has a lower flat region, includinga pair of sides, which defines the top-hat structure, and each of thelower insulating regions, which protrude normal to each of the sidesthat defines the brim of the top-hat. Of course, there can be othervariations, modifications, and alternatives.

In an example, the locking spacer can be made of an insulating material.In an example, the insulating material can be a rubber, polymer, orother compliant and/or compressive material. In an example, the spacercan be made of a combination of materials, including different layers,or the same layer, or have other desirable structures. Of course, therecan be other variations, modifications, and alternatives.

FIG. 29 is a front view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention. As shown, the locking spacer includes a lowerinsulating region, which has openings (not shown) on each of theregions. A center opening (not shown) is provided for a fastener to fixthe structure together. Each of the upper insulating regions isprotruding out, and substantially parallel to each major plane of thelower insulating regions. As also shown, each of the inner surfaces ofthe lower insulating regions is textured, including a plurality orridges, to facility locking of the glass material of the solar modules.The ridges can also include other structures, such as annular regions,suctions cups, or other variations of lines, circles, or combinationsthereof, and the like. Each inner surface region of the upper insulatingregions is textured as well for similar reasons. Also shown is a bottomof a top-hat structure of the channel structure configured between thepair of lower insulating regions and upper insulating regions. Thespacer also includes a spacing thickness defining a gap region, which isspatially configured within a vicinity of a bend region, which extendsalong a length of each of the insulating regions. Between each of theinsulating regions includes a thickness of glass material from a solarmodule.

FIG. 30 is a side view of a locking spacer according to an embodiment ofthe present invention. As shown, the spacer includes a bottom of achannel, height of channel, lower insulating region, gap region, bendregion, and upper insulating region in an example.

FIG. 31 is a bottom view of a locking spacer according to an embodimentof the present invention. As shown, the spacer has a pair of bottominsulating regions configured between a bottom region of a channelstructure, which is shaped as a top-hat. Each of the bottom regions hasan opening to be configured with a key structure affixed to glassmaterial on the solar panel. A portion of the inner region of the upperinsulating region is also shown.

In a specific embodiment, the present invention provides a trackerapparatus for solar modules. The tracker apparatus has a first piercomprising a first pivot device and a second pier comprising a drivemount. The drive mount is capable for construction tolerances in atleast three-axis, and is configured to a drive device. The drive devicehas an off-set clamp device coupled to a cylindrical bearing devicecoupled to a clamp member. The apparatus has a cylindrical torque tubeoperably disposed on the first pier and the second pier. The cylindricaltorque tube comprises a first end and a second end, and a notch. Thenotch is one of a plurality of notches spatially disposed along a lengthof the cylindrical torque tube. The apparatus has a clamp configuredaround an annular portion of the cylindrical torque tube and mate withthe notch to prevent movement of the clamp. The clamp comprises asupport region configured to support a portion of a solar module.

In an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides analternative solar tracker apparatus. The apparatus has a drive device, acrank coupled to the drive device and configured in an offset manner toa frame assembly. The frame assembly is coupled to a plurality of solarmodules.

In an example, the apparatus has a continuous torque tube spatiallydisposed from a first region to a second region. The crank comprises afirst crank coupled to a first side of the drive device and a secondcrank coupled to a second side of the drive device. The crank comprisesa first crank coupled to a first side of the drive device and a secondcrank coupled to a second side of the drive device; and furthercomprises a first torque tube coupled to the first crank and a secondtorque tube coupled to the second crank. The crank comprises a firstcrank coupled to a first side of the drive device and a second crankcoupled to a second side of the drive device; and further comprises afirst torque tube coupled to the first crank and a second torque tubecoupled to the second crank, and further comprises a first swage fittingcoupling the first crank to the first torque tube and a second swagefitting coupling the second crank to the second torque tube. Theapparatus also has a pier coupled to the drive device. In an example,the apparatus also has a drive mount coupled to a pier. In an example,multiple drive devices including an off-set crank or other configurationcan be used to further scale the length of the torque tube. That is, apair of drives can be spatially disposed along the torque tube, amongother variations.

In an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides analternative solar tracker apparatus. The apparatus has a center of masswith an adjustable hanger assembly configured with a clam shell clampassembly on the adjustable hanger assembly and a cylindrical torque tubecomprising a plurality of torque tubes configured together in acontinuous length from a first end to a second end such that the centerof mass is aligned with a center of rotation of the cylindrical torquetubes to reduce a load of a drive motor operably coupled to thecylindrical torque tube.

In an example, the drive motor is operable to move the torque tube aboutthe center of rotation and is substantially free from a load. The centerof rotation is offset from a center of the cylindrical torque tube.

In an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a solartracker apparatus. The apparatus has a clamp housing member configuredin a upright direction. The clamp housing member comprises a lowerregion and an upper region. The lower region is coupled to a pierstructure, and the upper region comprises a spherical bearing device.The upright direction is away from a direction of gravity. The apparatushas a clam shell clamp member coupled to the cylindrical bearing and atorque tube coupled to the spherical bearing to support the torque tubefrom the upper region of the clamp housing member. The torque tube isconfigured from an off-set position from a center region of rotation.

In an example, the apparatus is configured substantially free from anywelds during assembly. Reduced welding lowers cost, improvesinstallation time, avoids errors in installation, improvesmanufacturability, and reduces component count through standardizedparts. The torque tube is coupled to another torque tube via a swagedevice within a vicinity of the clam shall clamp member. In an example,the connection is low cost, and provides for strong axial and torsionalloading. The apparatus is quick to install with the pokey-yoke design.The torque tube is coupled to an elastomeric damper in line to dampentorque movement to be substantially free from formation of a harmonicwaveform along any portion of a plurality of solar panels configured tothe torque tube. The apparatus also has a locking damper or rigidstructure to configure a solar panel coupled to the torque tube in afixed tilt position to prevent damage to stopper and lock into afoundation-in a position that is substantially free from fluttering inan environment with high movement of air. The apparatus furthercomprises a controller apparatus configured in an inserter box providedin an underground region to protect the controller apparatus. Theapparatus has a drive device to linearly actuate the torque tube. In anexample, the apparatus uses an electrical connection coupled to a drivedevice. In an example, the spherical bearing allows for a constructiontolerance, tracker movement, and acts as a bonding path of leastresistance taking an electrical current to ground. The apparatus can beone of a plurality of tracker apparatus configured in an array within ageographic region. Each of the plurality of tracker apparatus is drivenindependently of each other to cause each row to stow independently at adifferent or similar angle.

Still further, the present invention provides a tracker apparatuscomprising a clam shell apparatus, which has a first member operablycoupled to a second member to hold a torque tube in place.

In an example, the apparatus also has a clamp housing operably coupledto the clam shell apparatus via a spherical bearing device such that thespherical bearing comprises an axis of rotation. The axis of rotation isdifferent from a center of the torque tube. The apparatus furthercomprises a solar module coupled to the torque tube.

In an example, the invention provides a tracker apparatus comprising aplurality of torque tubes comprising a first torque tube coupled to asecond torque tube coupled to an Nth torque tube, whereupon N is aninteger greater than 2. Each pair of torque tubes is coupled to eachother free from any welds.

In an example, each pair of torque tubes is swaged fitted together. Eachof the torque tubes is cylindrical in shape. Each of the plurality oftorque tubes is characterized by a length greater than 80 meters. Eachof the torque tubes comprises a plurality of notches. In an example, theapparatus also has a plurality of U-bolt devices coupled respectively tothe plurality of notches. Each of the plurality of torque tubes are madeof steel.

In an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a trackerapparatus having a pier member comprising a lower region and an upperregion. A clamp holding member is configured to the upper region and iscapable of moving in at least a first direction, a second directionopposite to the first direction, a third direction normal to the firstdirection and the second direction, a fourth direction opposite of thethird direction, a fifth direction normal to the first direction, thesecond direction, the third direction, and the fourth direction, and asixth direction opposite of the fifth direction.

In yet an alternative embodiment, the present invention provides a solartracker apparatus. The apparatus has a clamp housing member configuredin a upright direction. The clamp housing member comprises a lowerregion and an upper region. The lower region is coupled to a pierstructure. The upper region comprises a spherical bearing device. Theupright direction is away from a direction of gravity. The apparatus hasa clam shell clamp member coupled to the cylindrical bearing and theclam shell clamp being suspended from the cylindrical bearing. In anexample, the apparatus has a torque tube comprising a first end and asecond end. The first end is coupled to the spherical bearing to supportthe torque tube from the upper region of the clamp housing member. Thetorque tube is configured from an off-set position from a center regionof rotation. The apparatus has a drive device coupled to the second endsuch that the drive device and the torque tube are configured to besubstantially free from a twisting action while under a load, e.g.,rotation, wind, other internal or external forces.

In an example, other co-pending applications describe examples of asolar tracker. Such co-pending applications including “HORIZONTALBALANCED SOLAR TRACKER,” listed under U.S. Ser. No. 14/101,273 filedDec. 9, 2013, “OFF-SET DRIVE ASSEMBLY FOR SOLAR TRACKER,” listed underU.S. Ser. No. 14/489,409 filed Sep. 17, 2014, “OFF-SET SWIVEL DRIVEASSEMBLY FOR SOLAR TRACKER,” listed under U.S. Ser. No. 14/489,412 filedSep. 17, 2014, and “CLAMP ASSEMBLY FOR SOLAR TRACKER,” listed under U.S.Ser. No. 14/489,416 filed Sep. 17, 2014, each of which is commonlyassigned, and hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. Ofcourse, there can be other variations.

It is understood that the examples and embodiments described herein arefor illustrative purposes only and that various modifications or changesin light thereof will be suggested to persons skilled in the art and areto be included within the spirit and purview of this application andscope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A locking spacer device, comprising: a lowerinsulating region formed from a thickness of polymeric material, thelower insulating region having an open region, wherein the lowerinsulating region is oriented parallel to a major plane of aglass-on-glass solar module; an upper insulating region formed from thethickness of polymeric material, the upper insulating region configuredto transition from a first position that is substantially normal to thelower insulating region to a second position that is substantiallyparallel to the lower insulating region; a spacer region interposedbetween the lower insulating region and the upper insulating region anddefining a gap between the lower insulating region and the upperinsulating region, the spacer region coupling the lower insulatingregion to the upper insulating region; and a bend region spatiallydisposed between the spacer region and the upper insulating region, thebend region having a thickness that is less than the thickness ofpolymeric material to enable the upper insulating region to transitionfrom the first position to the second position about the bend region. 2.The locking spacer device according to claim 1, wherein the bend regionhas a v shape to allow each of the inner surfaces of the v shape to comein contact with each other in the second position.
 3. The locking spacerdevice according to claim 1, further comprising: an opposing lowerinsulating region; an opposing upper insulating region; an opposingspacer region interposed between the opposing lower insulating regionand the opposing upper insulating region and defining a gap between theopposing lower insulating region and the opposing upper insulatingregion, the opposing spacer region coupling the opposing lowerinsulating region to the opposing upper insulating region; an opposingbend region spatially disposed between the opposing spacer region andthe opposing upper insulating region; and a channel structure couplingthe opposing upper insulating region and the opposing lower insulatingregion with the upper insulating region and the lower insulating region.4. The locking spacer device according to claim 1, wherein the lockingspacer device is configured with a keyed feature to prevent planarmovement of the locking spacer device after the assembly process.
 5. Thelocking spacer device according to claim 1, wherein the polymericmaterial is selected from at least one of an ethylene propylene dienemonomer (EPDM) or a rubber.
 6. The locking spacer device according toclaim 1, wherein an inner surface of each of the lower insulating regionand the upper insulating region is textured to facilitate locking of theglass-on-glass solar module.
 7. The locking spacer device according toclaim 1, wherein the inner surface of each of the lower insulatingregion and the upper insulating region defines a plurality of ridges tofacilitate locking of the glass-on-glass solar module.
 8. The lockingspacer device according to claim 1, wherein an outer surface of theupper insulating region defines a beveled region adjacent an end surfaceof the upper insulating region.
 9. A clamp assembly for a glass-on-glasssolar module, comprising: a locking spacer, including: a lowerinsulating region having an open, female region defined therethrough,the lower insulating region having a thickness; an upper insulatingregion; and a spacer region coupling the lower insulating region and theupper insulating region; a key structure disposed on a lower surface ofa glass-on-glass solar module and defining a male portion that isconfigured to be received within the open, female region of the lowerinsulating region of the locking spacer, the key structure having aheight that is less than the thickness of the lower insulating region ofthe locking spacer; an upper clamp structure; and a lower clampstructure configured to be secured to the upper clamp structure, whereinthe locking spacer is interposed between the upper clamp structure andthe lower clamp structure to secure the upper insulating region and thelower insulating region to the key structure.
 10. The clamp assemblyaccording to claim 9, wherein the lower clamp defines a top-hat shapedrail structure having a pair of support regions, wherein each of thepair of support regions protrudes from the top-hat shaped railstructure.
 11. The clamp assembly according to claim 9, wherein theupper clamp structure defines a top-hat shaped rail structure having apair of support regions, wherein each of the support regions protrudesfrom the top-hat shaped rail structure.
 12. The clamp assembly accordingto claim 9, further comprising a bolt configured to be secured to theupper clamp structure and the lower clamp structure to assemble andcause the upper clamp structure, the upper insulating region, the lowerinsulating region, and the lower clamp structure to be in a compressivestate to hold the glass-on-glass solar module.
 13. The clamp assemblyaccording to claim 9, wherein the key structure comprises a puckstructure affixed to an edge region of the glass-on-glass solar module.14. The clamp assembly according to claim 9, wherein the key structureis disposed adjacent an edge region of the glass-on-glass solar module.15. A clamp assembly for a glass-on-glass solar module, comprising: alocking spacer, including: a lower insulating region having an open,female region defined therethrough, the lower insulating region having athickness, wherein the open, female region is configured to receive amale key structure disposed on a lower surface of a glass-on-glass solarmodule having height that is less than the thickness of the lowerinsulating region of the locking spacer; an upper insulating region; anda spacer region coupling the lower insulating region and the upperinsulating region; an upper clamp structure; and a lower clamp structureconfigured to be secured to the upper clamp structure, wherein thelocking spacer is interposed between the upper clamp structure and thelower clamp structure.
 16. The clamp assembly according to claim 15,wherein the lower clamp defines a top-hat shaped rail structure having apair of support regions, wherein each of the pair of support regionsprotrudes from the top-hat shaped rail structure.
 17. The clamp assemblyaccording to claim 15, wherein the upper clamp structure defines atop-hat shaped rail structure having a pair of support regions, whereineach of the support regions protrudes from the top-hat shaped railstructure.
 18. The clamp assembly according to claim 15, furthercomprising a bolt configured to be secured to the upper clamp structureand the lower clamp structure to assemble and cause the upper clampstructure, the upper insulating region, the lower insulating region, andthe lower clamp structure to be in a compressive state to hold theglass-on-glass solar module and prevent planar movement of theglass-on-glass solar module.
 19. The clamp assembly according to claim15, wherein the key structure comprises a puck structure affixed to anedge region of the glass-on-glass solar module.
 20. The clamp assemblyaccording to claim 15, wherein the key structure is disposed adjacent anedge region of the glass-on-glass solar module.